Setvadmin: 1 revision imported: Added some new pages and a Help:Cheatsheet

2016-08-21T23:38:05Z

1 revision imported: Added some new pages and a Help:Cheatsheet

178.23.225.78: /* Performance */ please, stop promotion of these highly biased benchmarks made by nginx hater, Jim Jagielski

2016-08-15T09:51:40Z

‎Performance: please, stop promotion of these highly biased benchmarks made by nginx hater, Jim Jagielski

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{{Infobox software
|name = Apache HTTP Server
|logo = [[File:Apache_HTTP_server_logo_(2016).svg|250px]]
|screenshot =
|caption =
|author = [[Robert McCool]]
|developer = [[Apache Software Foundation]]
|released = {{Start date and age|1995}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://httpd.apache.org/ABOUT_APACHE.html|title=About the Apache HTTP Server Project|publisher=[[Apache Software Foundation]]|accessdate=2008-06-25|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080607122013/http://httpd.apache.org/ABOUT_APACHE.html|archivedate= 7 June 2008 |deadurl= no}}</ref>
|status = Active
|operating system = [[Unix-like]], [[Windows]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Compiling and Installing|url=https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html|website=httpd.apache.org|publisher=The Apache Software Foundation|accessdate=9 May 2016}}</ref>
|programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]],<ref>https://projects-old.apache.org/indexes/language.html</ref> [[XML]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Languages|work=
Apache HTTP Server|agency=Ohloh|publisher= Black Duck Software|url=https://www.ohloh.net/p/apache/analyses/latest/languages_summary|accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref>
|genre = [[Web server]]
|license = [[Apache License]] 2.0
}}

The '''Apache HTTP Server''', colloquially called '''Apache''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|p|æ|tʃ|iː}} {{Respell|ə|PA|chee}}), is the world's most used [[web server]] software. Originally based on the [[NCSA HTTPd]] server, development of Apache began in early 1995 after work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache played a key role in the initial growth of the [[World Wide Web]],<ref>[http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.html Netcraft Market Share] for Top Servers Across All Domains August 1995 - today (monthly updated)</ref> quickly overtaking NCSA HTTPd as the dominant [[HTTP]] server, and has remained most popular since April 1996. In 2009, it became the first web server software to serve more than 100 million [[website]]s.<ref name="100millionsites">{{Cite web|url=http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2009/02/18/february_2009_web_server_survey.html|title=February 2009 Web Server Survey|publisher=[[Netcraft]]|accessdate=2009-03-29|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090226092501/http://news.netcraft.com//archives//2009//02//18//february_2009_web_server_survey.html|archivedate= 26 February 2009 |deadurl= no}}</ref>

Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the [[Apache Software Foundation]]. Most commonly used on a [[Unix-like]] system (usually [[Linux]]),<ref>[https://secure1.securityspace.com/s_survey/data/man.200907/apacheos.html OS/GNU+Linux Distributions using Apache]</ref> the software is available for a wide variety of [[operating system]]s besides [[Unix]], including [[eComStation]], [[Microsoft Windows]], [[NetWare]], [[OpenVMS]], [[OS/2]], and [[Transaction Processing Facility|TPF]]. Released under the [[Apache License]], Apache is [[free and open-source software]].

{{As of|2016|07}}, Apache was estimated to serve 46.41% of all active websites and 43.18% of the top million websites.<ref>{{cite web|title=July 2016 Web Server Survey|url=http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2016/07/19/july-2016-web-server-survey.html|website=Netcraft|publisher=Netcraft|accessdate=10 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810054429/http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2016/07/19/july-2016-web-server-survey.html|archivedate=10 August 2016}}</ref>

==Name==
According to the FAQ in the Apache project website, the name Apache was chosen out of respect to the Native American tribe [[Apache]] and their superior skills in warfare and strategy. The name was widely believed to be a pun on 'A Patchy Server' (since it was a set of [[Patch (computing)|software patches]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ#Why_the_name_.22Apache.22.3F|title = Why the name 'Apache'?|work = HTTPd Frequently Asked Questions }}</ref> Official documentation used to give this explanation of the name,<ref>{{Cite web|url=//www.apache.org/info.html |title=Information on the Apache HTTP Server Project |date=1997-04-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970415054031/www.apache.org/info.html |archivedate=April 15, 1997 }}</ref> but in a 2000 interview, [[Brian Behlendorf]], one of the creators of Apache, set the record straight:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linux-mag.com/id/472/|title=Apache Power|work=Linux Magazine}}</ref>

{{Quote
|The name literally came out of the blue. I wish I could say that it was something fantastic, but it was out of the blue. I put it on a page and then a few months later when this project started, I pointed people to this page and said: "Hey, what do you think of that idea?" ... Someone said they liked the name and that it was a really good pun. And I was like, "A pun? What do you mean?" He said, "Well, we're building a server out of a bunch of software patches, right? So it's a patchy Web server." I went, "Oh, all right." ... When I thought of the name, no. It just sort of connotated: "Take no prisoners. Be kind of aggressive and kick some ass."
}}

When Apache is running, its process name is sometimes <tt>httpd</tt>, which is short for "HTTP [[Daemon (computing)|daemon]]."

==Feature overview==
Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as [[Compiler|compiled]] [[Modular programming|modules]] which extend the core functionality. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication schemes. Some common language interfaces support [[mod perl|Perl]], [[mod python|Python]], [[Tcl]], and [[PHP]]. Popular authentication modules include mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and mod_auth_digest, the successor to mod_digest. A sample of other features include [[Secure Sockets Layer]] and [[Transport Layer Security]] support ([[mod_ssl]]), a [[proxy server|proxy]] module ([[mod_proxy]]), a [[URL rewriting]] module (mod_rewrite), custom log files (mod_log_config), and filtering support (mod_include and mod_ext_filter).

Popular compression methods on Apache include the external extension module, mod_gzip, implemented to help with reduction of the size (weight) of Web pages served over [[HTTP]]. [[ModSecurity]] is an open source intrusion detection and prevention engine for Web applications. Apache logs can be analyzed through a Web browser using free scripts, such as [[AWStats]]/[[W3Perl]] or Visitors.

[[Virtual hosting]] allows one Apache installation to serve many different Web sites. For example, one machine with one Apache installation could simultaneously serve www.example.com, www.example.org, test47.test-server.example.edu, etc.

Apache features configurable error messages, [[Database management system|DBMS]]-based authentication databases, and [[content negotiation]]. It is also supported by several [[graphical user interface]]s (GUIs).

It supports password authentication and [[digital certificate]] authentication. Because the source code is freely available, anyone can adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large public library of Apache add-ons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/Apache_Web_server.html|title=What is Apache Web Server? Webopedia|work=webopedia.com}}</ref>

==HTTP server and proxy features==
{{prose|date=August 2016}}
* Loadable Dynamic Modules
* Multiple Request Processing modes (MPMs) including [[Event driven programming|Event-based/Async]], Threaded and Prefork.
* Highly scalable (easily handles [[c10k problem|more than 10,000 simultaneous connections]])
* Handling of static files, index files, auto-indexing and content negotiation
* .htaccess support<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/htaccess.html | title = Apache HTTP Server Tutorial: .htaccess files }}</ref>
* [[Reverse proxy]] with caching<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy.html | title = mod_proxy }}</ref>
** [[Load balancing (computing)|Load balancing]]<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html | title = mod_proxy_balancer }}</ref> with in-band health checks
** Multiple load balancing mechanisms
** [[Fault-tolerant design|Fault tolerance]] and Failover with automatic recovery
** [[WebSocket]], [[FastCGI]], [[SCGI]], [[Apache JServ Protocol|AJP]] and uWSGI support with caching
** Dynamic configuration<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/howto/reverse_proxy.html#manager | title = Balancer Manager }}</ref>
* [[Transport Layer Security|TLS/SSL]] with [[Server Name Indication|SNI]] and [[OCSP stapling]] support, via [[OpenSSL]].
* Name- and IP address-based virtual servers
* [[IPv6]]-compatible
* [[HTTP/2]] protocol support
* Fine-grained authentication and authorization access control<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/auth.html | title = Authentication and Authorization }}</ref>
* [[gzip]] compression and decompression
* URL rewriting<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_rewrite.html | title = mod_rewrite }}</ref>
* Headers<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html | title = mod_headers }}</ref> and content<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_sed.html | title = mod_sed }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_substitute.html | title = mod_substitute }}</ref> rewriting
* Custom logging with rotation
* Concurrent connection limiting
* Request processing rate limiting
* [[Bandwidth throttling]]
* [[Server Side Includes]]<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/ssi.html | title = Apache httpd Tutorial: Introduction to Server Side Includes }}</ref>
* IP address-based [[geolocation]]
* User and Session tracking<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_usertrack.html | title = mod_usertrack }}</ref>
* [[WebDAV]]
* Embedded [[Perl]], [[PHP]] and [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] scripting
* [[Common Gateway Interface|CGI]] support<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/cgi.html | title = Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI }}</ref>
* public_html per-user web-pages<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/public_html.html | title = Per-user web directorie }}</ref>
* Generic expression parser<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/expr.html| title = Expressions in Apache HTTP Server }}</ref>
* Real-time status views<ref>{{ cite web | url = https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_status.html | title = mod_status }}</ref>
* [[XML]] support<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_xml2enc.html | title = mod_xml2enc }}</ref>

==Performance==
Instead of implementing a single architecture, Apache provides a variety of MultiProcessing Modules (MPMs), which allow Apache to run in a process-based, hybrid (process and thread) or event-hybrid mode, to better match the demands of each particular infrastructure. This implies that the choice of correct MPM and the correct configuration is important. Where compromises in performance need to be made, the design of Apache is to reduce latency and increase [[throughput]], relative to simply handling more requests, thus ensuring consistent and reliable processing of requests within reasonable time-frames.

For delivery of static pages, Apache 2.2 series was considered significantly slower than [[nginx]] and [[Varnish (software)|varnish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbonvin.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/apache-vs-nginx-vs-varnish-vs-gwan/|title=Serving static files: a comparison between Apache, Nginx, Varnish and G-WAN|work=Spoot!}}</ref> To address this issue, the Apache developers created the Event MPM, which mixes the use of several processes and several threads per process in an asynchronous event-based loop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/worker.html|title=worker - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2|work=apache.org}}</ref> This architecture, and the way it was implemented in the Apache 2.4 series, provides for performance equivalent or slightly better than event-based web servers, as is cited by [[Jim Jagielski]], the director of Apache Software Foundation, and some other sources.<ref>[http://people.apache.org/~jim/presos/ACNA11/Apache_httpd_cloud.pdf Apache httpd 2.4]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slideshare.net/bryan_call/choosing-a-proxy-server-apachecon-2014|title=Picking a Proxy Server}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.matsumoto-r.jp/?p=1812|title=Throughput evaluation of Apache 2.4.1}}</ref> However, independent benchmarks show that it still is half as fast as nginx.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.zhuzhaoyuan.com/2012/02/apache-24-faster-than-nginx/|title=Joshua Zhu’s Blog|work=zhuzhaoyuan.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eschrade.com/page/performance-of-apache-2-4-with-the-event-mpm-compared-to-nginx/|title=Performance of Apache 2.4 with the event MPM compared to Nginx|work=eschrade.com}}</ref>

==Licensing==
The Apache HTTP Server [[codebase]] was [[Software relicensing|relicensed]] to the [[Apache License|Apache 2.0 License]] (from the previous 1.1 license) in January 2004,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html|title=Apache License, Version 2.0|publisher=The Apache Software Foundation|date=January 2004|accessdate=2013-05-21}}</ref> and Apache HTTP Server 1.3.31 and 2.0.49 were the first [[Software release life cycle|releases]] using the new license.<ref>{{Cite newsgroup|url=|title=FYI: Apache HTTP Server 2.0.49 Released|last=Burton|first=Richard Antony|newsgroup=alt.apache.configuration|accessdate=2013-05-23}}</ref>

The [[OpenBSD]] project did not like the change and continued the use of pre-2.0 Apache versions, effectively forking Apache 1.3.x for its purposes.<ref>{{Cite mailing list|url=http://marc.info/?l=openbsd-misc&m=107714762916291|title=The new apache license|last=de Raadt|first=Theo|authorlink=Theo de Raadt|mailinglist=openbsd-misc|date=18 February 2004|accessdate=2013-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.openbsd.org/policy.html|title=Copyright Policy|publisher=OpenBSD|accessdate=2013-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ports.su/www/apache-httpd-openbsd |title=apache-httpd-openbsd-1.3.20140502p2 – OpenBSD improved and secured version of Apache 1.3 |website=OpenBSD ports |date=|accessdate=2014-12-28}}</ref> They initially replaced it with [[Nginx]], and soon after made their own replacement, OpenBSD Httpd, based on the relayd project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openbsd.org/faq/upgrade52.html#nginx|title=OpenBSD Upgrade Guide: 5.1 to 5.2|work=openbsd.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article&sid=20140314080734|date=2014-03-14|title= Heads Up: Apache Removed from Base |website=[[OpenBSD Journal]]|editor=jj}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openbsd.org/faq/upgrade56.html#ToPorts|title=OpenBSD Upgrade Guide: 5.5 to 5.6|work=openbsd.org}}</ref>

==Development==
{|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em;"
|-
!Version
!Initial release
!Latest release
|-
|{{Version|o|1.3}}
|1998-06-06<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marc.info/?l=apache-httpd-announce&m=90221040625561&w=2|title=Announcement: Apache 1.3.0 Released !|date=1998-06-06|accessdate=2015-01-06}}</ref>
|2010-02-03 (1.3.42)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/httpd-announce/201002.mbox/%3C20100203000334.GA19021%40infiltrator.stdlib.net%3E|title=Apache HTTP Server 1.3.42 released (final release of 1.3.x)|work=apache.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{Version|o|2.0}}
|2002-04-06<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marc.info/?l=apache-httpd-announce&m=101810732100356&w=2|title=Official Release: Apache 2.0.35 is now GA|date=2002-04-06|accessdate=2015-01-06}}</ref>
|2013-07-10 (2.0.65)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/httpd-announce/201307.mbox/%3C20130710124920.2b8793ed.wrowe%40rowe-clan.net%3E|title=[Announcement] Apache HTTP Server 2.0.65 Released|work=apache.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{Version|co|2.2}}
|2005-12-01<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marc.info/?l=apache-httpd-announce&m=113347470201565&w=2|title=Apache HTTP Server 2.2.0 Released|date=2005-12-01|accessdate=2015-01-06}}</ref>
|2015-07-17 (2.2.31)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/httpd-announce/201409.mbox/%3C540737D6.5090908%40apache.org%3E|title=[Announce] Apache HTTP Server 2.2.29 Released|work=apache.org}}</ref>
|-
|{{Version|c|2.4}}
|2012-02-21<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marc.info/?l=apache-httpd-announce&m=132983471818384&w=2|title=[ANNOUNCEMENT] Apache HTTP Server 2.4.1 Released|date=2012-02-21|accessdate=2015-07-17}}</ref>
|2016-07-04 (2.4.23)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/Announcement2.4.html|title=Apache HTTP Server Project|work=apache.org}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="3"|<small>{{Version|l|show=011100}}</small>
|}
The Apache HTTP Server Project is a collaborative software development effort aimed at creating a robust, commercial-grade, feature-rich and freely available source code implementation of an HTTP (Web) server. The project is jointly managed by a group of volunteers located around the world, using the Internet and the Web to communicate, plan, and develop the server and its related documentation. This project is part of the Apache Software Foundation. In addition, hundreds of users have contributed ideas, code, and documentation to the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://httpd.apache.org/ABOUT_APACHE.html|title=About the Apache HTTP Server Project - The Apache HTTP Server Project|author=Documentation Group|work=apache.org}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ohloh.net/p/apache The Apache HTTP Server Open Source Project on Ohloh. (n.d.). Ohloh, the open source network. Retrieved November 12, 2012]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Managing_Confined_Services/chap-Managing_Confined_Services-The_Apache_HTTP_Server.html|title=Chapter 4. The Apache HTTP Server|work=fedoraproject.org}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Free software}}
*[[.htaccess]]
*[[.htpasswd]]
*[[ApacheBench]]
*[[Comparison of web server software]]
*[[IBM HTTP Server]]
*[[LAMP (software bundle)]]
*[[List of Apache modules]]
*[[POSSE project]]
*[[suEXEC]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

{{Apache}}
{{Web server software}}
{{Web interfaces}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1995 software]]
[[Category:Apache Software Foundation|HTTP Server]]
[[Category:Apache Software Foundation projects| ]]
[[Category:Cross-platform free software]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in C]]
[[Category:Free web server software]]
[[Category:Reverse proxy]]
[[Category:Unix network-related software]]
[[Category:Web server software for Linux]]
[[Category:Software using the Apache license]]

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178.23.225.78: /* Performance */ please, stop promotion of these highly biased benchmarks made by nginx hater, Jim Jagielski